Annotations
A-01-03 - The aluminium stick curtain wall system is a popular choice for high-rise buildings, providing a sleek and modern facade. This system consists of vertical and horizontal aluminium framing members (mullions and transoms) that are assembled on-site to form a grid. The grid is then infilled with glass, metal panels, or other materials to create the exterior wall. The framing members are made from high-strength aluminium, which is lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion. The stick system is assembled on-site, allowing for flexibility in design and easy adjustments during construction. This method is particularly suitable for complex building shapes and designs. The infill panels can include various types of glazing, such as double or triple-glazed units, to enhance thermal and acoustic performance. The glazing is typically sealed with gaskets and sealants to ensure weather tightness. For buildings over 18 metres, the curtain wall system must comply with fire safety regulations. This includes using fire-resistant materials and ensuring proper compartmentation to prevent the spread of fire. Consultation with a fire engineer is essential to determine the specific requirements. The system can be designed to include thermal breaks and insulation to improve energy efficiency and reduce heat loss. The aluminium framing can be powder-coated or anodised in various colours and finishes to match the architectural design of the building. The curtain wall system is designed for minimal maintenance, with easy access for cleaning and repairs.
C-03-01 - Aluminium Support Bracket. The aluminium support bracket is a key component in brick slip cladding systems, designed to provide secure and stable support for the cladding panels. It can be part of a proprietary system or tailored to meet the requirements of third-party brick slip cladding systems. Made from high-strength aluminium, the bracket offers excellent durability and corrosion resistance, ensuring long-term performance. Its design ensures precise alignment and stability, contributing to the overall integrity and aesthetic appeal of the façade.
C-03-02 - Aluminium L-Profile. The aluminium L-profile is a versatile component commonly used as a vertical rail in brick slip cladding systems. It provides secure support and alignment for cladding panels, ensuring a stable and durable installation. The profile can be part of a proprietary system or adapted to meet the requirements of third-party brick slip cladding systems. Made from high-strength aluminium, it offers excellent durability and corrosion resistance, making it ideal for long-term use in façade applications. Its design ensures precise installation and contributes to the overall structural integrity and aesthetic quality of the cladding system.
C-04-05 - Horizontal Rail. The horizontal rail is a proprietary profile designed for brick slip cladding systems. It serves as a structural framework into which individual brick slips are inserted and secured, forming a cohesive brick slip panel. Made from high-quality materials, the rail ensures precise alignment and stability, contributing to the overall durability and aesthetic appeal of the cladding system. Its design simplifies installation while maintaining the integrity and performance of the façade.
D-01-01 - Aluminium Support Bracket, Fixed Point. The primary function of the aluminium support bracket is to prevent both vertical and horizontal movement of the mullion that is directly attached to it, ensuring a secure and stable connection. This is in contrast to the Sliding Point Bracket, which allows for vertical movement. Designed for use in curtain wall systems, it can be either a system bracket or a bespoke solution, tailored to meet specific project requirements. These brackets provide essential support and stability for the curtain wall, ensuring the structural integrity of the system. Made from high-strength aluminium, they offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion, making them ideal for various applications in building façades.
D-02-02 - Stainless Steel Support Bracket, Sliding Point. The stainless steel sliding point bracket is designed to allow vertical movement of the mullion while providing secure horizontal restraint. This flexibility is essential for accommodating structural deflections, thermal expansion, and other dynamic forces in curtain wall systems. Unlike fixed point brackets, it enables vertical adjustment without compromising the overall stability of the system. Made from high-strength stainless steel, it offers exceptional durability, corrosion resistance, and long-term performance. Suitable for both standard and bespoke applications, this bracket ensures the structural integrity and adaptability of modern building façades.
E-06-01 - Stainless steel screw (bracket to LSF). The stainless steel screw is designed for fastening brackets to light steel framing (LSF). Additionally, it can be used for securing brackets to top-hats and C-channels, providing versatile and reliable connections in various construction applications. Made from high-quality stainless steel, these screws offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, contributing to the overall stability and integrity of the structure.
F-03-01 - Stainless steel screw (rail to bracket). The stainless steel screw is designed for fastening rails to brackets, ensuring a secure and stable connection in various construction applications. Made from high-quality stainless steel, these screws offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, contributing to the overall stability and integrity of the structure.
G-01-01 - Lightweight Structural Steel Framing System. The lightweight structural steel framing system is designed to provide a robust and flexible framework for modern construction projects. Made from high-strength, galvanized steel, this system offers excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-term durability and stability. The framing system consists of various components, including studs, tracks, and joists, which are assembled on-site to create the structural skeleton of the building. This method allows for precise and efficient construction, accommodating complex architectural designs and modifications. The lightweight nature of the steel reduces the overall load on the foundation, making it ideal for high-rise buildings and structures with challenging site conditions. Additionally, the steel framing system is compatible with various cladding and insulation materials, enhancing the building's thermal and acoustic performance. Proper installation and alignment of the framing components are crucial to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the building.
G-02-01 – Window membrane around the windows and any connection of sheathing board to primary framework to be sealed with EPDM membrane. The window membrane is a crucial element for ensuring the airtight and watertight integrity of the building envelope around windows. This membrane, made from EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), is used to seal the connections between the window frame and the sheathing board, as well as any other junctions with the primary framework. For buildings over 18 metres high, the membrane must be a certified product achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0, ensuring it meets stringent fire safety standards. For buildings below 18 metres, this classification is not regulated. The installation requires a minimum overlap of 75mm between the sheathing boards to ensure a continuous barrier against moisture and air infiltration. Additionally, a non-flammable primer should be applied to the surfaces before attaching the membrane to enhance adhesion and durability. Proper installation of the window membrane is essential to maintain the building's energy efficiency and protect against environmental elements.
G-02-02 - Breather membrane. The breather membrane is an essential component in the building envelope, designed to allow moisture to escape from the structure while preventing water ingress. This membrane must be installed with a minimum overlap of 100mm on horizontal joints and 150mm on vertical joints to ensure continuous protection. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the membrane must be a certified product achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0, ensuring compliance with fire safety regulations. For buildings below 18 metres, this classification is not regulated. The breather membrane should be made from durable, weather-resistant materials to withstand environmental conditions and maintain its performance over time. Proper installation is crucial to ensure the membrane functions effectively, providing a breathable yet waterproof barrier that enhances the building's overall durability and energy efficiency.
G-02-03 - Vapour control layer membrane. The vapour control layer (VCL) membrane is a critical component in managing moisture within the building envelope. It is designed to prevent the passage of water vapour from the interior of the building into the wall and roof assemblies, thereby reducing the risk of condensation and associated damage. The membrane should have a minimum thickness of 500 gauge (125 microns) to ensure its effectiveness and durability. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the VCL must be a certified product achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0, ensuring compliance with fire safety standards. For buildings below 18 metres, this classification is not regulated. Proper installation of the VCL involves sealing all joints and penetrations to create a continuous barrier, which is essential for maintaining the building's thermal efficiency and protecting the structural components from moisture-related issues.
G-03-01 - Non-Combustible Sheathing Board (for LSFS). The non-combustible sheathing board is an essential component for lightweight structural steel framing systems (LSFS), providing a durable and fire-resistant layer. Made from materials such as calcium silicate or magnesium oxide, these boards offer excellent resistance to fire, moisture, and impact, ensuring the safety and longevity of the building. The sheathing board is installed on the exterior side of the steel framing, acting as a protective barrier and enhancing the overall structural integrity. It also contributes to the building's thermal and acoustic performance by providing an additional layer of insulation. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the sheathing board must comply with stringent fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of A1 or A2-s1, d0. Proper installation involves securing the boards to the steel framing with appropriate fasteners, ensuring all joints are sealed to maintain a continuous barrier against fire and moisture.
G-04-01 - Mineral Wool Insulation Slab for External Cavity Application. The mineral wool insulation slab is designed for use in external cavity applications, providing excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. This certified product must achieve a fire rating of A2-s1, d0 or better for buildings over 18 metres in height, ensuring it has limited combustibility, produces minimal smoke, and no flaming droplets. For buildings below 18 metres, this specific fire performance classification is not regulated. The insulation slab should be tailored to fit the specified cavity dimensions, ensuring a snug and effective installation. It is recommended to use a product with a thermal conductivity (k-value) of ≤ 0.035 W/mK to ensure high thermal performance, contributing to the building's energy efficiency. Proper installation of the mineral wool insulation slab is crucial for maintaining the building's thermal envelope and enhancing overall comfort and safety.
G-04-02 - Mineral Wool Insulation (to LSFS). The mineral wool insulation for lightweight structural steel framing systems (LSFS) is designed to provide effective thermal and acoustic insulation. This infil insulation is made from non-combustible materials, such as stone wool, which offers excellent fire resistance and contributes to the overall safety of the building. The insulation is installed within the steel framing, filling the cavities to enhance the building's energy efficiency and comfort. It is essential for maintaining the thermal envelope and reducing heat loss. The mineral wool insulation also helps to dampen sound, improving the acoustic performance of the structure. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the insulation must comply with fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of A1 or A2-s1, d0. Proper installation involves fitting the insulation snugly within the framing cavities, ensuring there are no gaps or voids that could compromise its performance.
H-02-01 - Double glazed unit (DGU-1). The double glazed unit is designed to provide enhanced thermal and acoustic insulation, improving the energy efficiency and comfort of the building. It consists of two panes of glass, separated by an air or gas-filled space. The overall thickness of the unit can vary, depending on the specific performance requirements and framing system. The unit is sealed using a dual-seal system with silicone or other durable sealants to ensure long-term performance and prevent moisture ingress. The double glazed unit can achieve a U-value significantly lower than single glazing, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency. Additionally, the unit can be filled with inert gases such as argon or krypton to further enhance its thermal performance. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the double glazed unit must comply with fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0. This ensures limited combustibility and minimal smoke production, contributing to the overall safety of the building.
H-04-01 - Aluminium spandrel panel (ASP-1). The aluminium spandrel panel is designed to be inserted into the curtain wall system. These panels are typically used to cover the floor slabs and conceal the building's structural elements, providing a seamless and aesthetically pleasing facade. Made from high-strength aluminium, the spandrel panels offer durability and resistance to corrosion. They are often powder-coated or anodised to match the building's design, ensuring a cohesive appearance. The use of aluminium spandrel panels enhances the thermal performance and energy efficiency of the building by providing an additional layer of insulation.
I-02-02 – Brick. The brick element is designed for use in precast panels or as part of brick-slip cladding systems, providing the aesthetic appeal of traditional brickwork without the need for full masonry construction. These bricks or brick slips are lightweight, durable, and easy to install, making them ideal for modern building façades. They offer a cost-effective and versatile solution for achieving the look of classic brickwork while ensuring high performance and ease of maintenance.
J-02-01 - Aluminium sill (thickness 2mm). The aluminium window sill is designed to provide effective water runoff and protect the building facade. The sill is made from durable, powder-coated aluminium, ensuring resistance to weathering and corrosion. The minimum overhang from the external wall surface is 30mm or 40mm, depending on the wall material and applicable UK standards. This overhang helps to direct water away from the wall, preventing potential damage and maintaining the integrity of the building envelope.
L-01-01 - Internal wall finish. The internal finish involves using panels to create a smooth and even surface for the final decorative layer. Key considerations include moisture control, where a layer is installed to manage the amount of moist air passing through the building, reducing the risk of condensation and improving air tightness. Panels should be attached to the supporting structure using appropriate fasteners, ensuring all edges are properly supported, and installation should follow relevant standards. Joints between panels should be taped and filled to create a seamless finish, which can involve using tape for plastered finishes or specially designed edges for direct finishes. In areas prone to moisture, such as bathrooms, moisture-resistant panels should be used to prevent damage and ensure longevity. For buildings under 18 metres in height, standard panels are typically sufficient, as the stringent fire resistance requirements for taller buildings do not apply.
L-01-02 - Floor build up. The floor build-up is designed to provide strength, stability, and comfort. The final floor finish can be hardwood, laminate, or carpet, depending on the design requirements and aesthetic preferences.
L-01-03 - Ceiling build up. The ceiling build up refers to the layered construction of the ceiling system, designed to provide structural support, acoustic insulation, and aesthetic appeal. This build up typically includes various components such as structural framing, insulation materials, acoustic panels, and finishing layers. The specific configuration can vary depending on the performance requirements and design specifications of the building. The ceiling build up ensures that the ceiling system meets the necessary standards for safety, comfort, and visual integration with the overall interior design.
M-02-01 – Vertical closed state cavity fire barrier. To suit denoted cavity subject to fire engineer confirming the EI requirements
M-03-01 - Support bracket for cavity fire barrier. The support bracket for the cavity fire barrier is a crucial component designed to securely hold the fire barrier in place within the cavity wall. This bracket ensures that the fire barrier remains properly positioned, providing effective compartmentalization and preventing the spread of fire and smoke. Made from durable, non-combustible materials, the support bracket is engineered to withstand high temperatures and maintain its structural integrity during a fire. Proper installation of the support bracket is essential to ensure the fire barrier functions as intended, contributing to the overall fire safety of the building.
N-03-01 - Flush Mortar. Flush mortar is used to create a smooth and even finish between masonry units, such as bricks or stones, in construction. This type of mortar is applied flush with the surface of the masonry, providing a clean and uniform appearance. Made from a mixture of cement, sand, and water, flush mortar offers good adhesion and durability. It is commonly used in both interior and exterior applications to enhance the aesthetic appeal and structural integrity of masonry work. Proper application involves ensuring the joints are fully filled and the surface is smoothed to achieve a neat and consistent finish.
Z-01-01 - Concrete slab. The concrete slab is a fundamental structural element used in both ground-supported and suspended applications. It provides a solid, durable surface that supports loads and distributes them evenly across the foundation or supporting structure. The slab is typically reinforced with steel rebar or mesh to enhance its strength and prevent cracking. The thickness of the slab can vary depending on the specific requirements of the project, but it generally ranges from 100mm to 250mm. For ground-supported slabs, proper preparation of the subgrade is essential to ensure stability and prevent settlement. This includes compacting the soil and adding a layer of gravel or sand for drainage. For suspended slabs, formwork and temporary supports are used during the pouring and curing process to maintain the slab's shape and position. The concrete mix should be designed to achieve the required strength and durability, taking into account factors such as load-bearing capacity, exposure conditions, and environmental factors. Proper curing of the concrete is crucial to achieve the desired performance and longevity of the slab.
Z-02-01 - Steel Column. The steel column is a primary structural element designed to support vertical loads in buildings and other structures. It transfers loads from the structure above to the foundation, ensuring stability and strength. Typically made from high-strength steel, the column is engineered to resist compression, bending, and buckling. Its dimensions and design vary depending on the project's load requirements and architectural specifications. Steel columns are often used in combination with other structural elements to create robust and efficient frameworks, offering durability and flexibility in construction.
Z-02-02 - Steel Beam. The steel beam is a key structural component used to support horizontal loads and span gaps between supports in buildings and structures. Known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, it provides excellent load-bearing capacity and flexibility in design. Steel beams are typically fabricated from rolled or welded sections, tailored to meet specific project requirements. They are essential for creating durable and efficient frameworks, offering resistance to bending and shear forces. Proper installation and connection to other structural elements ensure the overall stability and performance of the construction.