Annotations
A-01-03 - The aluminium stick curtain wall system is a popular choice for high-rise buildings, providing a sleek and modern facade. This system consists of vertical and horizontal aluminium framing members (mullions and transoms) that are assembled on-site to form a grid. The grid is then infilled with glass, metal panels, or other materials to create the exterior wall. The framing members are made from high-strength aluminium, which is lightweight, durable, and resistant to corrosion. The stick system is assembled on-site, allowing for flexibility in design and easy adjustments during construction. This method is particularly suitable for complex building shapes and designs. The infill panels can include various types of glazing, such as double or triple-glazed units, to enhance thermal and acoustic performance. The glazing is typically sealed with gaskets and sealants to ensure weather tightness. For buildings over 18 metres, the curtain wall system must comply with fire safety regulations. This includes using fire-resistant materials and ensuring proper compartmentation to prevent the spread of fire. Consultation with a fire engineer is essential to determine the specific requirements. The system can be designed to include thermal breaks and insulation to improve energy efficiency and reduce heat loss. The aluminium framing can be powder-coated or anodised in various colours and finishes to match the architectural design of the building. The curtain wall system is designed for minimal maintenance, with easy access for cleaning and repairs.
A-02-03 - The aluminium window system is designed to be integrated into the curtain wall, providing a seamless and modern appearance. This system features outward opening top-hung windows, which are ideal for high-rise buildings. The window frames are made from high-strength aluminium, ensuring durability and resistance to corrosion. The windows are fitted with restrictors to limit the opening angle, enhancing safety and preventing accidental falls. The glazing options include double or triple-glazed units to improve thermal and acoustic performance. The windows are sealed with gaskets and sealants to ensure weather tightness and energy efficiency. For buildings over 18 metres, the window system must comply with fire safety regulations, including the use of fire-resistant materials and proper installation methods. The aluminium frames can be powder-coated or anodised in various colours and finishes to match the architectural design of the building. The window system is designed for minimal maintenance, with easy access for cleaning and repairs.
C-01-01 - The aluminium support bracket, commonly referred to as a helping hand bracket, is an essential component in ventilated facade systems. These brackets are designed to provide robust support and secure attachment for facade panels, ensuring the stability and durability of the entire system. Made from high-strength aluminium, the support brackets offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors. They are typically anodised or powder-coated to match the aesthetic requirements of the building facade. The use of aluminium support brackets enhances the overall performance and longevity of ventilated facade systems, contributing to a seamless and visually appealing exterior.
C-01-02 - The aluminium L-profile is frequently used as a vertical rail in ventilated façade systems, providing essential support and alignment for façade panels. Beyond this primary application, the L-profile is versatile and can be utilised in a variety of other construction and architectural contexts. Made from high-strength aluminium, these profiles offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion. They are often anodised or powder-coated to match the aesthetic design of the building façade. The use of aluminium L-profiles enhances the overall stability and performance of ventilated façade systems, contributing to a seamless and cohesive appearance.
D-01-01 - Aluminium Support Bracket, Fixed Point. The primary function of the aluminium support bracket is to prevent both vertical and horizontal movement of the mullion that is directly attached to it, ensuring a secure and stable connection. This is in contrast to the Sliding Point Bracket, which allows for vertical movement. Designed for use in curtain wall systems, it can be either a system bracket or a bespoke solution, tailored to meet specific project requirements. These brackets provide essential support and stability for the curtain wall, ensuring the structural integrity of the system. Made from high-strength aluminium, they offer excellent durability and resistance to corrosion, making them ideal for various applications in building façades.
E-01-01 - The stainless steel anchor bolt is a critical component used in various construction applications to provide secure and stable anchorage. These bolts are designed to offer exceptional strength and durability, ensuring reliable performance even under heavy loads. Made from high-quality stainless steel, they are highly resistant to corrosion and environmental factors, making them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use. Stainless steel anchor bolts are often used in conjunction with other structural elements to enhance the overall stability and integrity of the construction. Their versatility allows them to be utilised in a wide range of projects, from building facades to heavy machinery installations.
E-04-01 - Stainless steel bolt (No1 nut + No2 washer). The stainless steel bolt assembly includes one nut and two washers, designed for secure and stable fastening in various construction applications. The nut features a nylon insert, which acts as a locking mechanism to prevent self-loosening due to vibrations or dynamic loads. Made from high-quality stainless steel, the bolt, nut, and washers offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This assembly is ideal for use in both indoor and outdoor environments, providing reliable and durable connections in a wide range of projects.
E-06-01 - Stainless steel screw (bracket to LSF). The stainless steel screw is designed for fastening brackets to light steel framing (LSF). Additionally, it can be used for securing brackets to top-hats and C-channels, providing versatile and reliable connections in various construction applications. Made from high-quality stainless steel, these screws offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, contributing to the overall stability and integrity of the structure.
F-03-01 - Stainless steel screw (rail to bracket). The stainless steel screw is designed for fastening rails to brackets, ensuring a secure and stable connection in various construction applications. Made from high-quality stainless steel, these screws offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, contributing to the overall stability and integrity of the structure.
F-03-02 - Stainless steel screw (panel to rail). The stainless steel screw is designed for fastening panels to rails, providing a reliable and durable connection in various construction applications. Made from high-quality stainless steel, these screws offer excellent resistance to corrosion and environmental factors, ensuring long-lasting performance. This makes them ideal for both indoor and outdoor use, contributing to the overall stability and integrity of the structure.
G-02-01 – Window membrane around the windows and any connection of sheathing board to primary framework to be sealed with EPDM membrane. The window membrane is a crucial element for ensuring the airtight and watertight integrity of the building envelope around windows. This membrane, made from EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), is used to seal the connections between the window frame and the sheathing board, as well as any other junctions with the primary framework. For buildings over 18 metres high, the membrane must be a certified product achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0, ensuring it meets stringent fire safety standards. For buildings below 18 metres, this classification is not regulated. The installation requires a minimum overlap of 75mm between the sheathing boards to ensure a continuous barrier against moisture and air infiltration. Additionally, a non-flammable primer should be applied to the surfaces before attaching the membrane to enhance adhesion and durability. Proper installation of the window membrane is essential to maintain the building's energy efficiency and protect against environmental elements.
G-02-03 - Vapour control layer membrane The vapour control layer (VCL) membrane is a critical component in managing moisture within the building envelope. It is designed to prevent the passage of water vapour from the interior of the building into the wall and roof assemblies, thereby reducing the risk of condensation and associated damage. The membrane should have a minimum thickness of 500 gauge (125 microns) to ensure its effectiveness and durability. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the VCL must be a certified product achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0, ensuring compliance with fire safety standards. For buildings below 18 metres, this classification is not regulated. Proper installation of the VCL involves sealing all joints and penetrations to create a continuous barrier, which is essential for maintaining the building's thermal efficiency and protecting the structural components from moisture-related issues.
G-04-01 - Mineral Wool Insulation Slab for External Cavity Application. The mineral wool insulation slab is designed for use in external cavity applications, providing excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. This certified product must achieve a fire rating of A2-s1, d0 or better for buildings over 18 metres in height, ensuring it has limited combustibility, produces minimal smoke, and no flaming droplets. For buildings below 18 metres, this specific fire performance classification is not regulated. The insulation slab should be tailored to fit the specified cavity dimensions, ensuring a snug and effective installation. It is recommended to use a product with a thermal conductivity (k-value) of ≤ 0.035 W/mK to ensure high thermal performance, contributing to the building's energy efficiency. Proper installation of the mineral wool insulation slab is crucial for maintaining the building's thermal envelope and enhancing overall comfort and safety.
H-02-01 - Double glazed unit (DGU-1). The double glazed unit is designed to provide enhanced thermal and acoustic insulation, improving the energy efficiency and comfort of the building. It consists of two panes of glass, separated by an air or gas-filled space. The overall thickness of the unit can vary, depending on the specific performance requirements and framing system. The unit is sealed using a dual-seal system with silicone or other durable sealants to ensure long-term performance and prevent moisture ingress. The double glazed unit can achieve a U-value significantly lower than single glazing, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency. Additionally, the unit can be filled with inert gases such as argon or krypton to further enhance its thermal performance. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the double glazed unit must comply with fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0. This ensures limited combustibility and minimal smoke production, contributing to the overall safety of the building.
H-02-02 - Double glazed unit (DGU-2). The double glazed unit is designed to provide enhanced thermal and acoustic insulation, improving the energy efficiency and comfort of the building. It consists of two panes of glass, separated by an air or gas-filled space. The overall thickness of the unit can vary, depending on the specific performance requirements and framing system. The unit is sealed using a dual-seal system with silicone or other durable sealants to ensure long-term performance and prevent moisture ingress. The double glazed unit can achieve a U-value significantly lower than single glazing, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency. Additionally, the unit can be filled with inert gases such as argon or krypton to further enhance its thermal performance. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the double glazed unit must comply with fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0. This ensures limited combustibility and minimal smoke production, contributing to the overall safety of the building.
H-02-03 - Double glazed unit (DGU-3). The double glazed unit is designed to provide enhanced thermal and acoustic insulation, improving the energy efficiency and comfort of the building. It consists of two panes of glass, separated by an air or gas-filled space. The overall thickness of the unit can vary, depending on the specific performance requirements and framing system. The unit is sealed using a dual-seal system with silicone or other durable sealants to ensure long-term performance and prevent moisture ingress. The double glazed unit can achieve a U-value significantly lower than single glazing, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency. Additionally, the unit can be filled with inert gases such as argon or krypton to further enhance its thermal performance. For buildings over 18 metres in height, the double glazed unit must comply with fire safety regulations, achieving a minimum fire performance class of B-s3, d0. This ensures limited combustibility and minimal smoke production, contributing to the overall safety of the building.
H-04-01 - Aluminium spandrel panel (ASP-1). The aluminium spandrel panel is designed to be inserted into the curtain wall system. These panels are typically used to cover the floor slabs and conceal the building's structural elements, providing a seamless and aesthetically pleasing facade. Made from high-strength aluminium, the spandrel panels offer durability and resistance to corrosion. They are often powder-coated or anodised to match the building's design, ensuring a cohesive appearance. The use of aluminium spandrel panels enhances the thermal performance and energy efficiency of the building by providing an additional layer of insulation.
I-01-01 - Aluminium panel (t-2mm). The aluminium cladding panel provides a durable and sleek exterior finish for high-rise buildings. These panels are made from powder-coated aluminium, offering excellent resistance to weathering and corrosion. The cladding panels are designed to be lightweight yet strong, making them ideal for tall structures. For buildings over 18 metres, the cladding must comply with fire safety standards (A2-s1, d0 or better), ensuring enhanced fire resistance. The panels are typically installed using a rainscreen system, which allows for ventilation and prevents moisture buildup behind the cladding. The aluminium panels can be powder-coated in various colours and finishes to match the architectural design of the building. The cladding system is designed for minimal maintenance, with easy access for cleaning and repairs. Proper installation and alignment of the panels are crucial to ensure a seamless and aesthetically pleasing facade.
J-05-01 - Aluminium sheet (t-2mm). The aluminium sheet is primarily used to cover both sides of the insulated cavity within the curtain wall at the slab area. These sheets are made from high-strength aluminium, providing durability and resistance to corrosion. The aluminium sheets help to protect the insulation and maintain the integrity of the curtain wall system. They are typically powder-coated or anodised to match the aesthetic design of the building façade. The use of aluminium sheets ensures that the insulated cavity is effectively sealed, enhancing the thermal performance and overall energy efficiency of the building. Additionally, aluminium sheets are utilised for sealing various cavities and for numerous other applications, making them a versatile component in construction.
K-01-11 - The aluminium top hat is used as an intermediary element to which brackets for ventilated facades or other components are attached. It is employed in situations where direct attachment to the primary structural elements is not feasible. The top hat is secured to the main structural elements, and then brackets and/or other façade components are attached to it. Made from high-strength aluminium, the top hat provides durability and resistance to corrosion. It is typically powder-coated or anodised to match the aesthetic design of the building façade. The use of aluminium top hats ensures a secure and stable connection, enhancing the overall performance and integrity of the façade system.
L-01-01 - Internal wall finish. The internal finish involves using panels to create a smooth and even surface for the final decorative layer. Key considerations include moisture control, where a layer is installed to manage the amount of moist air passing through the building, reducing the risk of condensation and improving air tightness. Panels should be attached to the supporting structure using appropriate fasteners, ensuring all edges are properly supported, and installation should follow relevant standards. Joints between panels should be taped and filled to create a seamless finish, which can involve using tape for plastered finishes or specially designed edges for direct finishes. In areas prone to moisture, such as bathrooms, moisture-resistant panels should be used to prevent damage and ensure longevity. For buildings under 18 metres in height, standard panels are typically sufficient, as the stringent fire resistance requirements for taller buildings do not apply.
L-01-02 - Floor build up to architects' documentation. The floor build-up is designed to provide strength, stability, and comfort. The final floor finish can be hardwood, laminate, or carpet, depending on the design requirements and aesthetic preferences.
L-01-03 - Ceiling build up. The ceiling build up refers to the layered construction of the ceiling system, designed to provide structural support, acoustic insulation, and aesthetic appeal. This build up typically includes various components such as structural framing, insulation materials, acoustic panels, and finishing layers. The specific configuration can vary depending on the performance requirements and design specifications of the building. The ceiling build up ensures that the ceiling system meets the necessary standards for safety, comfort, and visual integration with the overall interior design.
M-01-01 – Horizontal open state cavity fire barrier. To suit denoted cavity subject to fire engineer confirming the EI requirements
M-01-02 - Horizontal closed state cavity fire barrier. To suit denoted cavity subject to fire engineer confirming the EI requirements
M-02-01 – Vertical closed state cavity fire barrier. To suit denoted cavity subject to fire engineer confirming the EI requirements
Z-01-01 - Concrete slab. The concrete slab is a fundamental structural element used in both ground-supported and suspended applications. It provides a solid, durable surface that supports loads and distributes them evenly across the foundation or supporting structure. The slab is typically reinforced with steel rebar or mesh to enhance its strength and prevent cracking. The thickness of the slab can vary depending on the specific requirements of the project, but it generally ranges from 100mm to 250mm. For ground-supported slabs, proper preparation of the subgrade is essential to ensure stability and prevent settlement. This includes compacting the soil and adding a layer of gravel or sand for drainage. For suspended slabs, formwork and temporary supports are used during the pouring and curing process to maintain the slab's shape and position. The concrete mix should be designed to achieve the required strength and durability, taking into account factors such as load-bearing capacity, exposure conditions, and environmental factors. Proper curing of the concrete is crucial to achieve the desired performance and longevity of the slab.